Banca Naţională a României

The National Bank of Romania, in cooperation with the National Institute of Statistics, conducted the statistical survey on foreign direct investment (FDI), the main data source for the compilation of FDI statistics. The main objective was to determine FDI net flows during 2023 in resident foreign direct investment enterprises, non-residents’ FDI income, as well as Romania’s FDI position as at 31 December 2023.

The methodology used to compile these statistics is in line with the provisions of the International Monetary Fund Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6^th edition (BPM6), as well as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment Manual, 4th edition (BD4).

1. FDI net flows in 2023 stood at EUR 6,748 million¹, of which:
   • o EUR 6,996 million enterprises’ equity (of which equity capital worth EUR 2,070 million and reinvestment of earnings worth EUR 4,927 million);
   • o EUR -248 million debt transactions with foreign direct investors and non-resident fellow companies computed as debt (EUR 1,096 million) less claims (EUR 1,344 million).
2. FDI position as at 31 December 2023 amounted to EUR 118,231 million, of which:
   • EUR 84,759 million equity positions, including reinvestment of earnings (71.7 percent);
   • EUR 33,472 million debt positions in relation to foreign direct investors and non-resident fellow companies (debt less claims) (28.3 percent).
3. Non-resident’s income from FDI in 2023 amounted to EUR 11,865 million, of which:
   • Net earnings on equity were EUR 10,764 million representing the direct investors’ share in the net profit, tantamount to EUR 14,354 million of FDI enterprises, less their share in the loss, EUR 3,590 million, of FDI enterprises.
   • Net income from interest, computed by subtracting from the interest received by foreign direct investors on lending to their enterprises in Romania, the interest paid by foreign direct investors for the borrowing from their enterprises in Romania – either directly or via fellow companies, stood at EUR 1,101 million.

In 2024, the National Bank of Romania carried out a revision of the FDI statistics for the years 2021 and 2022, as part of the benchmark revision², which is coordinated at the European Union level every five years.

The FDI statistics for 2023, along with those for 2021-2022 resulting from the benchmark revision, as well as the methodological framework, will be available in detail in the electronic publication Foreign Direct Investment in Romania in 2023, accessible on the NBR website starting 15 October 2024 under: Regular publications FDI»»»